What are the steps in the vertebral artery test?

The vertebral artery test is a clinical examination used to assess the integrity and patency of the vertebral arteries, which can be critical in identifying potential issues such as vertebrobasilar insufficiency. The correct procedure involves the extension of the head while adding rotation, as this position may place stress on the vertebral arteries and can elicit symptoms if there are any underlying issues.

When extending the head and then adding rotation, it's important to hold this position for a specified duration to allow any compromising changes to manifest. This ensures that if there is decreased blood flow or irritation to the vertebral artery, symptoms such as dizziness, changes in vision, or other neurological signs could be observed.

The rationale behind the choice involves understanding how the anatomy of the vertebral arteries can be affected by different head positions and movements. During extension combined with rotation, the arteries may be compromised, allowing for the observation of any potential related symptoms.

In contrast, the other options do not follow the appropriate steps for the vertebral artery test; they either involve incorrect sequences of movements or durations that do not align with the established clinical practice for effectively assessing the vertebral arteries.